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篇（1）

2.1 Current situation of company website translation 2

2.2 Samples of famous foreign company website 3

2.3 Features of company website translation 4

3. The skopos theory and company website translation 6

3.1 Introduction of Skopos theory 6

3.2 The wrong types of translation from the perspective of Skopos 8

   3.2.1 Functional translation errors 8

   3.2.2 Liguistic translation errors 9

   3.2.3 Cultural translation errors 10

4. Analyses of website translation of foreign trade company in Zhejiang province 13

4.1 Functional translation errors 13

   4.1.1 Problem of length 13

   4.1.2 Problem rooted from different thought pattern 15

4.2 Liguistic translation errors 16

   4.2.1 Spelling errors 16

   4.2.2 Improper use of punctuation 17

   4.2.3 Incorrect word translation 17

   4.2.4 Illogical arrangment 18

4.3 Cultural translation errors 19

5. Conclusion 20

Acknowledgements 21

References 22

1．Introduction

Thanks to the ongoing economic reform and opening-up and the irresistible trend of globalization, China’s communication with the world has been intensified in recent years. Though almost every company which deal with the foreign trade owns his English version website, the overall situation of the C-E translation of Chinese company website is far from satisfactory that leave a lot of work to do. For the present, most of the work are based on the rule of skopos theory which we will investigate later.

And with the popularity and applications of the Internet, the company website plays an increasing important role in foreign exchange, outreach, and the absorb foreign capital[2]. Although nowadays most domestic enterprises have set up their own websites and e-commerce platform, many export-oriented enterprises is established in English, the site has become a propaganda of the enterprise, an effective channel to promote company products. However, there is no difficulty in finding errors comparing the domestic foreign trade company website to the foreign company website. Some mistakes are even too much to bear. In recent years, there appears a large number of discussion on website translation, start from Skopos basis direction, and have a lot of research fruits on the problem of company website mistranslation. But for the relatively small corporate company website translation, it had not been given sufficient attention and standardized management, error-prone web site translation directly affect a company’s image.

2. Current situation and features of company website translation

In the world today, global and regional cooperation is in full swing and countries are increasingly interdependent. Company website provide a quick and convenient access to the general understanding of what a Chinese company is like, thus serving as bridges that enable business people from different countries with different cultural backgrounds to have a better understanding of each other. In fact, as a specialized and important area of translation, the translation of company profiles has its own features and particular communicative functions which deserve an in-depth and systematic study.

2.1 Current situation of company website translation

Foreign propaganda in the business text, Chinese text use more modifiers which using rhyme, parallelism, words with other parties type the text in order to increase the beauty, attract potential customers and clients. Many translators often find it difficult, even if be translated, also bite the bullet and let the readers of English-speaking find it difficult to understand. Company’s publicity text translation is accurate for the purpose of translation about business, product-related information. So prominent is the informational translation, first principle focus on the information, and others such as style, rhetoric and so on is secondary to bit. If translate directly, the text will cause a pile, information duplication, not meet the English language of expression. On the basis of Skopos principles, the translator should cut the original text appropriately in order for information receiver better understanding the text.

Different from other text types, a company profile is a special kind of text with particular purposes and functions. The translation purpose of company profiles is to enable more foreigners to know more about Chinese companies, thus achieving international recognition and establishing the credibility of the company and its products. In order to achieve these purposes and functions, more attention should be paid to target readers who have different cultural backgrounds in the company profile translation. According to skopostheorie, a translation action is determined by its Skopos and the end justifies the means. That means the purpose of translation determines the translation methods and strategies that are to be employed in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Therefore, in the C-E translation of company profiles, translators should adhere to Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule and it is applicable for them to adopt a TT-oriented or reader-centered translation strategy.

However, many translators in this field tend to neglect the translation purpose of company profiles. As a result, linguistic and cultural problems still exist and obstruct the achievement of the Skopos of company profiles. Enlightened by the functionalist approach, the thesis also conducts a comprehensive survey as to the readability and acceptability of the target text[6]. It is found that foreign people do not respond positively to the English translation of Chinese company profiles. These problems or errors adversely affect the quality of translation. Primarily under the guidance of the functionalist skopostheorie, the thesis puts forward a set of guiding principles for the C-E translation of company profiles, that is, idiomatic, comprehensible, and acceptable. By analyzing authentic examples, the study also justifies someappropriate strategies such as addition, abridgement and restructuring. A conclusion can be drawn that it is feasible to guide the C-E translation of company profiles in the light of the functionalist approach, particularly skopostheorie. In the translation process, the translator is expected to bear in mind the intended function of the target text and produce a version that is comprehensible and acceptable to the target reader. Due to great linguistic and cultural differences, the translation process usually involves considerable adjustments or adaptations of the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text.

Hopefully, the principles and strategies proposed in this study would be of some value to the C-E translation of company profiles as well as other public materials.

2.2 Samples of famous foreign website

There are a lot of famous company on the list of top 500 in the world, after searching for their company, not difficult in finding a lot of features in common about their web page design. The followings are classic samples.

Example[1]: In 1886, Coca-Cola® brought refreshment to patrons of a small Atlanta pharmacy. Now well into its second century, the Company's goal is to provide magic every time someone drinks one of its more than 400 brands. Coca-Cola has fans from Boston to Budapest to Bahrain, drinking brands such as Ambasa, Vegitabeta and Frescolita. In the remotest comers of the globe, you can still find Coca-Cola.

Coca-Cola is committed to local markets, paying attention to what people from different cultures and backgrounds like to drink, and where and how they want to drink it. With its bottling partners, the Company reaches out to the local communities it serves, believing that Coca-Cola exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches.

(heritage.coca-cola.com/)

Example[2]: Software is a leading online portal for software products, with free downloads and expert software reviews to help you make an informed choice. We list thousands of discounted software products with prices that are almost always the lowest available in the country. We also list a huge selection of free downloads so you can try software free before you decide to buy.

The Software.com store features the the software industry’s leading publishers, including Microsoft, Intuit, Symantec, Adobe, Nuance and hundreds of others. Our software store provides users with rich resources including thousands of user reviews, articles, and product comparison charts.

    Software.com employs a team of industry experts with over 40 years of combined experience in online software distribution. Our goal is to bring you the best range of world-leading software, at the best prices, with rich reviews and product information so you can choose the software that is right for you. (software.com/about/)

 As we can see from these samples, the foreign company websites are more functional and focus more on introdu cing products, and the purpose are much stronger and prominent. This is exactly what our company website is lack of, for we always put more words in describing company history and prior tradition, but lack of products introduction and special users attraction.

2.3 Features of company website translation   

First of all, company website translation profile depends more on the skopos rules.  Different from other text types, a company website profile is a special kind of text with particular purposes and functions. The translation purpose of company website profiles is to enable more foreigners to know more about Chinese companies, thus achieving international recognition and establishing the credibility of the company and its products. In order to achieve these purposes and functions, more attention should be paid to target readers who have different cultural backgrounds in the company profile translation. According to skopostheorie, a translation action is determined by its Skopos and the end justifies the means. That means the purpose of translation determines the translation methods and strategies that are to be employed in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Therefore, in the C-E translation of company profiles, translators should adhere to Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule and it is applicable for them to adopt a TT-oriented or reader-centered translation strategy.

Secondly, primarily under the guidance of the functionalist Skopostheorie, the thesis puts forward a set of guiding principles for the C-E translation of company profiles, that is, idiomatic, comprehensible, and acceptable. By analysis authentic examples, the study also justifies some appropriate strategies such as addition, abridgement and restructuring. A conclusion can be drawn that it is feasible to guide the C-E translation of company profiles in the light of the functionalist approach, particularly skopostheorie. In the translation process, the translator is expected to bear in mind the intended function of the target text and produce a version that is comprehensible and acceptable to the target reader. Due to great linguistic and cultural differences, the translation process usually involves considerable adjustments or adaptations of the source text in order to achieve the intended function of the target text.

Hopefully, the principles and strategies proposed in this study would be of some value to the C-E translation of company profiles as well as other publicity materials.

At last, defined as the measure of all things in translation by Reiss, the ST is regarded by Vermeer as merely an “offer of information” which can be partly or wholly transmitted for the target audience, leaving its status much lower in skopostherie than in equivalence-based theories. And it is the purpose of the translation that determines what to translate, how much to translate and what strategies to employ in specific situations. For this reason, in C-E translation of company website, any translation strategy can be adopted provided it is effective in publicizing the company in the target culture and expanding its business there. The translator needs to serve as “cultural filtering”, which means making adjustments to the structure and style of the source text by addition, deletion and rewriting. In this section, different successful translation techniques applicable to company profile translation in light of skopostheorie will be explored.

3. The Skopos theory and company website translation

 

 A company website is a particular communicative message that an organization wants to deliver to a particular audience. It is essentially “a résumé” presenting an image of a particular company, aiming to “establish the credibility with the market the company serves” . Klein also argues that a company website provides insight about a company to its customers and prospects; potential employees and partners view it to evaluate whether or not it is the kind of company they’d like to work with. Generally speaking, a well-written company website contains the company’s founders, product range or service that a company offers, major stockholders, members of the board, address, telephone and fax numbers, website, and other vital information. Some website include their history and significant achievements they have made through the years. This thesis defines a company profile in a narrow sense and refers to a company introduction since introductory remarks head all the other subdirectory items and are of the most representative characteristics. The samples employed in this thesis include brochures and materials from the Internet and cover a great variety of b usiness fields such as banks, hotels, automobiles, medicine, wine, household electrical appliances, tobacco, and sports goods.

3.1 Introduction of skopos theory

The Skopos theory is an important functionalist theory of translation that was developed in Germany in the 1970s. It reflects “a general shift from predominantly linguistic and rather formal translation theories to a more functionally and socioculturally oriented concept of translation” [8]235. It greatly widens the research field of translation and puts translation researches in the framework of cross-cultural communication, instead of the narrow framework of source and target texts or the transmission between two languages. The Skopos theory draws inspiration from communication theory, action theory, text linguistics and text theory, and also from movements in literary studies toward reception theories. It is regarded as the core of German functionalism.

Hans Vermeer who proposed the Skopos theory gives his own definition of translation from a unique perspective that translation is a “purposeful action”. In the Skopos theory, translation is basically a type of communication. In other words, translation is a type of human action. Since action is the process of acting, which means “intentionally(at will)bringing about or preventing a change in the world (in nature), and thus can be defined as an intentional change or transition from one state of affairs to another” 18. Based on this belief, Vermeer put forward his translation principles, including the Skopos rule ad the guiding principle, and the coherence and the fidelity rule as subordinate principles.

It requires that a good translation be:

[1] pragmatic, accounting for the situational conditions of communicative interaction and, accordingly, for the needs and expectations of the addressees of the target text and even making the receiver the most important yardstick of translational decisions;

[2] culture-oriented, giving consideration to the culture-specific forms of verbal and nonverbal behaviour involved in translation;

[3] consistent, able to show the translator’s decisions in any type or form of translation task and make the target text a functional one;

[4] practical, accounting all the forms of transcultural communication needed; 

[5] normative, displaying the translator’s particular purpose;

[6] comprehensive, the communicative effects of a target text being equivalent to those of the source text;

.

3.2 The wrong types of translation from the perspective of Skopos theory

During the information exchanging, Chinese companies have to provide effective company website profile linguistically and culturally acceptable to their target readers. Consequently, the English translation of Chinese company website plays a significant role in ensuring a successful communication with the outside world. Yet the overall situation of the C-E translation of Chinese company profiles is far from satisfactory. From the perspective of Skopostheorie, “if the purpose of a translation is to achieve a particular function for the target addressee, anything that obstructs the achievement of this purpose is a translation error” [9]74. Thus, to decide whether a piece of translation is a translation error or not is neither to see whether the translation is grammatically correct or not, nor to see whether the translation is loyal to the meaning of the source text. Instead, it should depend on whether the translation has achieved the intended purpose of the original work. As far as the C-E translation of company profiles is concerned, major problems and errors result from the ignorance of linguistic and cultural differences. The common errors in the C-E translation can be roughly classified into two categories: functional translation errors, linguistic tr anslation errors and cultural translation errors.

3.2.1 Functional translation errors

Functional inadequacies occur in four ways. They may be pragmatic translation errors, which are the result of “inadequate solutions to pragmatic translation problems such as lack of receiver orientation”. Secondly, they may be cultural translation errors, which are “due to an inadequate decision with regard to reproduction or adaptation of culture-specific conventions”. Thirdly, they may be linguistic translation errors, which are “caused by an inadequate translation when the focus is on language structures”. Fourthly, and finally, they may be text-specific translation errors, which are “related to a text-specific translation problem and, like the corresponding translation problems, can usually be evaluated from a functional or pragmatic point of view” 76 .

Function refers to the factors which make the text work in the intended way in the target situation. Loyalty refers to the interpersonal relationship between the translator, the source-text sender, the target-text addresses and the initiator. Loyalty limits the range of justifiable target-text functions for one particular source text and raises the need for a negotiation of the translation assignment between translators and their clients[11]126.

The claim that a variety of strategies, often moving away from the linguistic surface of the source text, are necessary to produce a functional target text gives a more grounded precision to the claims of Goldblatt and Raffel. Nord’s argument helps us to understand that these strategies are not to be considered shortcomings or inadequacies, reluctantly accepted as abstract “poetry” but never as “scholarship” – they are deliberate and intelligent forms of both creativity and fidelity. Indeed they are the inevitable, different paths that translators must follow if they wish to create new texts based on their appropriately functional readings of the source-text. (Scholars, to paraphrase Raffel, are then entitled to translations as much as poets – but because their needs are different, they each require a different sort of translation.) If these strategies of non-equivalence are to be considered “mistakes” at all then they are, in a paradoxical way, “deliberate mistakes”, intentionally undertaken in order to recreate the text in a way that deviates from the literal surface meaning of the source text so as to represent its other, deeper, features. Other errors, or “mistakes”, which are the result of our intentions being neither adequate nor appropriate, might be considered, in contrast, to be “foolish mistakes”, the product of ignorance but not of maliciousness. And ignorance can be overcome by “an adequate level of language and culture proficiency”.

3.2.2 Lingustic translation errors

Linguistic translation errors are at the basic level among the four types of errors mentioned above. They usually stem from an incompetent translator’s poor command of the target language. Unfamiliar with the target language norms and conventions, an unqualified translator would make all kinds of errors, which range from levis (spelling and choice of words), semantics (meaning the source text intends to convey) to syntax (grammatical sentences and structure). Hence the translated text cannot be fully understood by the foreign audience. For example,“拳頭產(chǎn)品”has been translated literally as “fist product”. In Chinese,“拳頭產(chǎn)品” indicates that the product sells well in the market and it is regarded as a brand name. The counterpart “fist” in English, however, just means the hand when closed tightly with the fingers bent into the palm, which cannot convey the original meaning. It would be better to be translated as “knockout product”, “hard-punch product”or“product with a competitive edge” [12].

Example[3]: 三十年紡織品和服裝出口經(jīng)驗(yàn)，質(zhì)量第一，信譽(yù)第一，友情第一，重合同，守信用，始終如一。(ex.cn)

Original version：Thirty years’experience of textiles and garments export.Quality the best.Reputation and friendship the foremost. Always abide by contacts and credibility.

Revised version：The rendering in this example is a typical word-for-word one, let alone the grammatical mistake in the last sentence “Always abide by contacts and credibility”. The deliberate faithfulness of its sentence structure actually results in sen tence fragments in English, which are far from emotionally appealing to the English readers. Such redundant syntactic structure will surely confuse the target readers.

Example[4]: 集“中國(guó)馳名商標(biāo)”、“中國(guó)名牌”、“國(guó)家免檢產(chǎn)品”和“國(guó)家出口商品免驗(yàn)”等榮譽(yù)于一身的特步(中國(guó))有限公司，位于福建省泉州市經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)。(xtep.com.cn/)

Original version：Xtep(China)co.,ltd.,honored with China's famous and popular brand, China's famous brand, products exempt from inspection and export products exempt from inspection; which locates in Quanzhou Economic and Technological Development zone. After correcting the grammatical errors in this version,an improved version could be:

Revised version：Xtep(China)Co., Ltd.,winning honors like “China’s famous and popular brand”, “China’s famous brand”, “inspection-exempt products” and “inspection-exempt products for export”, which is located in Quanzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. 

3.2.3 Clutural translation errors

What does the word “culture” mean？As we have seen, culture is ubiquitous, multidimensional, complex and all-pervasive. Though there has been a century of efforts to define culture by scholars from different points of view, an agreement has so far not been reached[13]. The definition of culture seems simple but complex in reality. It covers aspects of everyday life to cognitive and social structure. And it refers to communities that have different attitudes toward political and social issues, different cultural practices and references in their private lives, different social backgrounds, etc.

In 1871, in his classic book Primitive Culture, British anthropologist Edward Tylor first gave the definition of culture which is widely quoted :“culture...is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” [13]. This definition is far from complete and vague to some extent because it only stressed the spiritual part of culture, but has neglected its material basis without which culture is an impossibility.

Translation and culture are closely related to each other. Translation is a cross-cultural communication. Various scholars have elaborated on the relationship between culture and translation.

Toury holds that translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural conditions48.

In order to achieve the expected purpose of the C-E translation of company profiles, it is particularly important to know the role of culture in the C-E translation of company profiles. First of all, culture affects the selection of company profiles. In order to carter for the target readers, the initiators have to select materials that characterize the Chinese culture and are acceptable in the target cultural system. Secondly, culture affects the acceptability of translations in the target culture[18]. Because of the cultural differences, what is appreciated in one culture may not be acceptable in another culture differences, what is appreciated in on culture may not be acceptable in another culture. Thirdly, culture also affects the approaches to be adopted in the translation process. For different translation purposes, people may resort to different apporaches to solve cultural clashes.

Chinese and western cultures differ greatly in their historical development, geographical locations, customs, conventions, religious beliefs and aesthetics,which have a great impact on cross-cultural communication.According to Skopostheorie, a cultural translation error occurs when something in the translation doesn't conform to the norms and conventions in the target culture. Cultural transla tion mistakes or errors, though very covert, cause a lot of hideous barriers in the cross-cultural communication.

As has been mentioned above, what is appreciated in the Chinese culture may be unacceptable in the English culture due to the cultural differences. For example, we have always prided ourselves as“龍的傳人”, which is literally translated as“descendants of the dragon”. However, the Chinese word“龍” in the Chinese culture is not equivalent to the “dragon” in the western culture. Though both of them are legendary animals, their images and connotations are quite different. In the Chinese culture, the image of “龍” has undergone a series of changes before it takes its present form. It has the combined features of a number of animals—a reptile-like animal with a scaled body and claws, which can not only crawl, but also swim and fly. It is the symbol of the Chinese nation and the Chinese national spirit. It represents power, supremacy and auspice. In feudal China, emperors were compared to dragons. But in the western legends, dragon is a huge lizard with wings, scales and a long snake-like tail. It can spit fire. Dragon in the western culture is the symbol of evil[19]. So if the phrase“以外貿(mào)企業(yè)為龍頭” is translated into English as “with foreign trade firms as the dragon’s head”, the foreigners will feel awful when they read the translation. It will be acceptable when it is translated as“with foreign trade firms as the locomotive(or flagship)”.

Besides, English company profiles emphasize simplicity, individuality and substantiality, while Chinese ones stress elegance, uniformity, and authority. For this reason, the author of this present paper suggests that to realize intended commercial purpose, translators should avoid literally translating four-character phraseology into English because foreign consumers may show their doubts at the first sight of these patterns:“Who knows?” as shown in the following examples.

Example[5]: 該廠能生產(chǎn)大衣、西裝、時(shí)裝、襯衣、毛衣等不同類型服裝用的上千個(gè)花色品種的紐扣，產(chǎn)品規(guī)格齊全，品種繁多，造型新穎。(lxbutton.com/)

Original version：The factory can produce thousands of type of buttons for coats, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters. They have complete ranges of specification and various types and are novel in shape.

Revised version：The factory can produce various new types of buttons in thousands of different designs for coat, suits, fashions, shirts and sweaters.

It seems that the modifications in the second English version not only successfully achieve commercial effect but also makes the content more succinct. Hence, a translator should always bear in mind that cultural comparison is a “must” in the translation process. Without comparisons of the two cultural systems, successful translation would not be possible.

4. Analyses of website translation of foreign trade company in Zhejiang province

There are many famous foreign trade companies in Zhejiang province, almost every company owns its English version website profile which focus to attract foreign business partners around the world. But owing to the different levels of translators who work as the company website translation, there exists a big difference in the quality of website translation, some even cause serious problem which make foreign trade partner confused about the compani's business and even products' function. So it is very important for translators of company website to follow some principles while dealing with the translation work.

4.1 Functional translation errors

4.1.1 Problem of length

The main reason for the too long translation is the profile of the translation focus too much on faith, but neglect removing or simplifying the useless information for audience. In accordance with the “Skopos rule”, the purpose of translation decides the behaviour of translation work. The translators should add, adjust or predigest the original work depending on the purpose of the translation.some of the original target information is out of communicative value which will make the translation empty, trash-talking and even affecting the information transforming.

Example [6]: 進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)后，娃哈哈已擁有了雄厚的產(chǎn)品自主研發(fā)能力和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力，在雄厚的資金保障下，通過引進(jìn)國(guó)際最先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備技術(shù)，進(jìn)行消化、吸收、再創(chuàng)新，使公司擁有強(qiáng)大的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。同時(shí)，通過自主開發(fā)營(yíng)養(yǎng)快線等系列創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品，廣開銷路，實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展，行業(yè)龍頭地位日益穩(wěn)固。目前，娃哈哈正在不斷擴(kuò)大投資規(guī)模，不斷自主創(chuàng)新，向著世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)的目標(biāo)闊步前進(jìn)！(劃線部分為錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)）(wahaha.com.cn/aboutus/history/)

    Original version: The third time milestone development: entering the new era, Wahaha cultivated the dependent R&D ability and the technology innovation ability. Secured by abundant capital, we adopted the international advanced equipment technology with absorption and d igestion, making sure that Wahaha keeps the core competitive edge. We also developed the popular products like Nutrition Express to sustain the scientific development, stabilizing our leading position. Currently, Wahaha keeps further investment and constant innovation, aiming for becoming the world Top 500 enterprises.

We can find that some information in the Chinese version is useless and redundant,“消化、吸收、再創(chuàng)新”,“自主研發(fā)能力和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力”they all means innovation.so we can simplify the version into:

Revised version: Entering the new era, Wahaha cultivated the ability of innovation and R&D with abundant capital, we adopted the international advanced equipment with renew ability, making Wahaha keep the core competitive edge. At the same time, we have developed the popular products like Nutrition Express to sustain the scientific development, stabilize our leading position. Currently, Whaha keeps investment and innovation for becoming the world top 500 enterprises。

Example [7]: 東方機(jī)械位于風(fēng)景秀麗、物產(chǎn)豐富、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、文化繁榮，素有江南“魚米、皮革之鄉(xiāng)”美稱的錢塘江畔。(hua-jia .com/s1.htm)

Original version: Our factory is located in Dingqiao Town by the Qiantang River where is famed as"The Home of fish，Rice and Leather"，with beautiful scenery，rich products，flourishing economy and prosperous culture.

Revised version: “...located at Dingqiao Town by the Qingtang river, our company specialized in the production of ... ”（we can just delete the underlined part)

Example [8]: 2003年初，公司為滿足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)對(duì)專用車的需要，及時(shí)調(diào)整產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)并成立的專用車公司，在做穩(wěn)、做強(qiáng)客車的同時(shí)，投巨資實(shí)施專用車項(xiàng)目，精心打造有洛陽宇通特色的專用車產(chǎn)品，本著“低端切人、高端占領(lǐng)”的原則，經(jīng)過精心籌備，四大系列產(chǎn)品即混凝土攪拌車系列、散裝水泥車系列、加油車系列、灑水車系列一經(jīng)投放市場(chǎng)，便以其全新的設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)美的造型、細(xì)膩的工藝贏得了市場(chǎng)的青睞。(lyyt.com/t9/index.asp)

Original version: In the early of 2003, in order to meet the demands for special-purpose car in domestic market, we adjusted our product's structure and set up a new department dealing with special purpose car. While steadying and strengthening the production of passenger car, we invest large amounts of money in special-purpose car to carefully make this kind of products with vivid Luoyang Yutong characteristics. With the principle of cutting in from the low end and taking possession at the high end, our four series of products were put into market in April of 2003 after careful preparation. They are dowser series, water cart series, bulk cement vehicle series and concrete-mixing vehicle series. The products win for their new designation, exquisite molding and technique.

Revised version: In addition to its wonderful performance in the sector of passenger cars, Luoyang Yutong Automobile co., Ltd. Moved forward with an aggressive campaign to stay at the forefront of transportation. In the early of 2003, we set up a new sector to manufacture special-purpose vehicles including fuel trucks, spraying cars, bulk cement trucks and concrete-mixing trucks which are tailored to the needs of Chinese market. They gained excellent reputation for their original design and state-of-the-art technics among clients as soon as they were put into market in April of the same years.

4.1.2 Problem rooted from different thought pattern

In the functionalist perspective, the purpose of a translation is to achieve a particular function for the target address, and anything that prevents the achievement of this purpose in considered as a translation error. This means that a particular expression or utterance is not inadequate in itself; it only becomes inadequate with regard to the communicative function it was expected to achieve. Furthermore, Nord classifies the translation errors into four categories: pragmatic, cultural, linguistic and text-specific ones[9]. Study of the small corpus shows those translation errors in the translated corporate website are mainly linguistic and cultural. In the following parts, the author is to demonstrate the problems common to nearly all the sample texts, with suggested solutions thereafter.

Example [9]: 引進(jìn)大量的科技管理人才,成立“真愛集團(tuán)人才聯(lián)誼會(huì)” 形成“重知識(shí)，重人才” 的良好氣氛。(truelovegroup.com/english/about/about.asp)

Original version: To form well atmosphere “esteem acknowledge, esteem intellect”, truelove employed a mess of technology and management persons and set up “truelove group talent sociality”.

Revised version: To form well atmosphere “respect knowledge and talents”, Truelove employed talents and set up “Truelove talents Union”.

Example  [10]:

(1)醫(yī)德醫(yī)風(fēng)

Medical ethics

(2)全體員工精誠(chéng)團(tuán)結(jié)，上下一心

All the staffs unite absolute sincerity

(3)上有上策，下有下策，有令不行，有禁不止。

Disobey orders and defy prohibition.

In these translations repetitions have been talked carefully.The Word “ethics” contains the meaning of both“德”and“風(fēng)”. The Chinese“精誠(chéng)團(tuán)結(jié)”and“上下一心” which have the same meaning are translated into “unite in absolute sincerity.” As with these, the third English sentence fully renders the Chinese version whose second part means the same as the first one.

Let's quote example (2) as another example of this strategy. Taking a look at the underlined parts, we find the Chinese phrase“進(jìn)入飯店” has not been translated. The English version “Hong Kong Peninsula Hotel Management Group introduced us ...” is clear and sufficient to express the meaning of “進(jìn)入飯店，帶來…”. If we translate it in the word-for-word way “as entered the hotel and brought...”, the TT readers in English cultures will be confused. Thus, leaving out tautological words is one of the communicative methods in translating to realize the purpose of the TT. More specifically, this translation is a compliance with coherence rule rather than the fidelity rule.

4.2 Linguistic translation errors

A linguistic translation error is at the most basic level among the types of errors mentioned above. They usually stem from an incompetent translator's poor command of the language. Unfamiliar with the language norms and conventions, an unqualified translator would make all kinds of mistakes, which range from lexis (spelling and choice of words), syntax (grammatical sentence and structure) and semantics (meaning that the source text intends to convey).

4.2.1 Spelling errors

Example [11]: 本公司始終堅(jiān)持以“質(zhì)量為本，科技創(chuàng)新，優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，環(huán)保產(chǎn)品”為發(fā)展宗旨。(chinacgic.com/company.asp)

Original version: Our company has all along been adhering to such a development philosophy: quality basis, technological innovation, high-quality service and environment-friendly products.

Revised version:our company has all along been adhering to such a developing idea: quality basis, technological innovation, high-quality service and environment-friendly products.

Example [12]:“成功電子” 以擁有您的支持而自豪，并有信心通過我們不斷的努力使您以使用“成功電子” 產(chǎn)品而驕傲。(chinacgic.com/)

Original version: Success Electronics is proud for having your support and convinced that our constant efforts can make you proud of using our products.

Revised verion: Success Electronic is proud for having your support and it convince that our constant efforts can make you proud of using our products.

4.2.2 Improper use of punctuation

Example[13]: 公司自創(chuàng)辦以來,不斷擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,更新產(chǎn)品的種類。歡迎各中外客商前來共創(chuàng)商機(jī)! (rx-china.com/)

Original version: The company spread dimensions at once. sincerely welcomes its friends to have business negotiation, cooperate with them and jointly make great achievement.

Revised version: Since the establishment of our company we have always been expanding our industrial scale and adding new ranges to our production line. Now we warmly welcome our customers, both at home and abroad, to come together and enjoy better business opportunities!

Example [14]: 本公司經(jīng)營(yíng)的產(chǎn)品廣泛用于通訊設(shè)備、家用電器、儀器儀表、數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品行業(yè)、電子玩具以及工業(yè)自動(dòng)化設(shè)備等各種領(lǐng)域, 在電子行業(yè)有很高的聲譽(yù)。(zszyss.com/)

Original version: The product of company’s operation is used in the various fields such as communication equipment, electric home appliances, instrument appearance, digital product profession, electronictoy as well as industrial automatic equipment extensively, we have very high reputation on electronic profession.

Revised version: The products we deal in are widely used in such areas as communication, household electrical appliances, instruments and meters, digital products, electric toys and industrial automatic equipment. Our company enjoys a high reputation in the line of electronic.

4.2.3 Incorrect word translation

Example [15]: 本公司近年致力弘揚(yáng)、推廣中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和與之相結(jié)合的高新科技。2002年起被中央有關(guān)部門指定為外交部國(guó)禮系列圖書國(guó)內(nèi)外主要發(fā)行單位之一。(zylp.com/)

Original version: This company recent years devoted to bring honor to , to promote the China outstanding traditional culture and high speed science which unified with it. In 2002 is assigned by the central department concerned one of for country cash as a present book domestic and foreign main release units .

Revised version: We have been carrying forward and popularizing traditional Chinese culture combined with newly developed high-tech. In 2002, our company was appointed to be one of the authorized publishers of series of golden books as official gifts for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Example [16]: 百果園占地面積20 畝,花園式布局,生產(chǎn)車間4800m²,設(shè)有原料、粗加工、成品、包裝、冷藏、鍋爐等生產(chǎn)車間。(baiguoyuan.com.cn/)

Original version: Baiguoyuan is like a garden it cone ns an area of zomu, with 3400 sguan meters work shop, including material storage workshop , naw processing workshop, finshed produet workshop, packing workshop, cold stonage workshop and boilen workshop.

Revised version: Baiguoyuan, a well laid out garden-like enterprise, covers an area of 20 mu, and owns a production department of 4800 square meters including workshops handling materials, rough processing, finished goods, packing, refrigerating and a boiler room.

4.2.4 Illogical arrangement

Illogical arrangement is primarily coordinated at the incorrectly translation of an individual expression or sentence's elements which cause incoherent and misunderstanding.

Example [17]:(本單位)成立于1988年,是經(jīng)國(guó)家建設(shè)部批準(zhǔn),專業(yè)從事地基與基礎(chǔ)工程施工的壹級(jí)企業(yè)。(richelevator.com/hz/)

Original version:We are the stair enterp rise professioned on construction of groundwork and base engineering approved by national construction department founded in 1988.

Revised version: Our company, with the approval of Ministry of Construction, was established in 1988 and we are now a first grade enterprise specializing in the construction of groundwork and foundational engineering.

Example [18]: 公司非常重視對(duì)員工隊(duì)伍素質(zhì)的培訓(xùn)工作,專門成立了人力資源部,對(duì)員工進(jìn)行操作技術(shù)、專業(yè)技能、安全生產(chǎn)、市場(chǎng)意識(shí)、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等方面的培訓(xùn)。(chinacgic.com/)

Original version: The company emphasize on training for the staff, specialize to establish HR department, train manipulating technique, specialty skill, safe producing, market apperceiving, product quality and the other side training.

Revised version:We put emphasis on training our working staff and specially set up a human resources department for the purpose of guiding our staff members to master new operating techniques, professional skills, safety in production, marketing strategies and quality control.

4.3 Cultural translation errors 

When preparing an English version of the corporate profile, the Chinese companies tend to translate literally the existing Chinese language, regardless of the fact that different addressees require an adjustment of the relationship between the explicit and implicit information in the target text and that the target cultural conventions should be given priority.

Example[19]: 公司于2000年順利通過ISO9001: 2000版國(guó)際質(zhì)量體系認(rèn)證，形成了一套完整的質(zhì)量保障體系，2002年11月被中國(guó)輕工業(yè)質(zhì)量認(rèn)證中心授予 “環(huán)保陶瓷”稱號(hào)。(.cn/)

Original version：the company passed ISO9001:2000 International Quality System Certification in 2000, and has established a complete quality assurance system. It was awarded as “Environmental friendly ceramics”.

  In this short paragraph, the company exhibits four honorary titles: ISO9001:2000版國(guó)際質(zhì)量體系認(rèn)證，“環(huán)保陶瓷” without further explaining what the awards are about, what requirements should be met to win each and how this company is qualified to receive the glories. For people who are familiar with the awarding system, this information is able to serve as a strong support for the qualification of company. However, the westerners are probably not so moved by these titles. Questions may haunt the readers, such as “what is the evaluation standard of the award?” “how often is the award granted?” “how many enterprises can get award in each season?” in other words, only when the information becomes convincing enough can the foreigners acknowledge the qualification of the company.

5．Conclusion

It should have been a progress for the development of the Chinese enterprises since the bilingual corporate websites open a new channel for them to present themselves to the world; however, in the analysis of the translated company introductions, the author observes quite a number of errors and problems prevailing the target text, which can hardly help achieve the function of the source text, only to ruin the image of the company. After all, a company with a poor English introduction can hardly convince the potential customers of the top-quality claim of the product and service therein. Delving into the translated corporate profiles, the author finds out that as far as the translation of the Chinese corporate profiles is concerned, Chinese companies still have a long way to go.

In this light, the paper analyses the language, cultural-specific terms and discourse of the translated corporate website translation, locates common errors and proposes some methods for better communication with the international audience.

However, as nearly all the cooperate profiles are translated literally in the process, even if the linguistic and cultural errors are corrected the target texts still appear awkward in the whole text and fail to become fluent English. In other words, any corrections made in the English sentences do not solve the problem and cannot ensure a functionally satisfactory reaction from the audience.

Guo Jianzhong says the translation of pragmatic texts is an art of re-expression based on writing techniques. It holds true to the company introduction, which is tattooed to translate according to the source text’s diction and structure. What the translators need to do is to adapt to or rewrite the source text before translating. Though the English may be not literally correspondent with the original source text, the meaning of the content and stylistic features retain. As a result, the communication carries out successfully and the function is fulfilled.

 

Acknowledgements

My initial thanks go to my supervisor Yang Xue, who patiently supervised my dissertation and was at times very willing to offer me illuminating advice or suggestions. Without her help, I could not have finished this dissertation.

I am also indebted to other teachers and my classmates who have not only offered me their warm encouragements but also shared with me their ideas and books. They are Zhang Lan, Zhu Ming, Wu Xiaoyun, and many others.

My greatest personal debt is to my parents, who have cultivated a soul of sensitivity, hospitality, and honesty out of me, and offered a harbor of happiness and sweetness for me.

The remaining weakness and possible errors of the dissertation are entirely my own.

 

References

[1] 熊艾莎. 義烏網(wǎng)站英譯常見錯(cuò)誤及其對(duì)策分析 [D]. 義烏工商學(xué)院外語系研究生論文, 2006(1).

[2] 何森梅. 從目的論中看中文企業(yè)網(wǎng)站的英譯策略 [J].黎明職業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2008(1).

[3] 韓孟其. 與目的論相悖的企業(yè)網(wǎng)頁翻譯 [J].中國(guó)航空工業(yè)管理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版), 2008(109).

[4] Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful activity [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

[5] 梁丁強(qiáng). 目的論與企業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介的翻譯原則及策略－以中國(guó)企業(yè)的英文簡(jiǎn)介為例 [D]. 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)英語系研究生論文, 2008.

. Leiden: Brill,1964.

. Retrieved Nov 16, 2007.

[8] Vermeer, H. J. Skopos and Commission in Translational Action [M]. New York: Gardner Press 2000: 221-232.

[9] Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful Activity [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

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[12] 張麗玲. 從目的論討論中英廣告翻譯中的差異 [D]. 暨南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 2007.

[13] 王娜. 從功能翻譯理論看中國(guó)企業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介的翻譯 [D]. 首都師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 2006.

. London: John Murray,1871.

[15] Toury,G. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond [M]. Shnahgai:Shnahgai  Foreign Language  Education Press,2001.

[16] Gentzler, E. Contemporary Translation Theories [M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.

[17] Mary, Snell-Hornby. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Press, 2004.

[18] 譚載喜. 新編奈達(dá)論翻譯 [M]. 北京：中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司,1999.

[19] 崔勝湘. 根據(jù)目的進(jìn)行翻譯 [D]. 國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 碩士學(xué)位論文, 2004.

 

誠(chéng) 信 承 諾

我謹(jǐn)在此承諾：本人所寫的畢業(yè)論文《外貿(mào)公司網(wǎng)站英譯研究之目的論視角》均系本人獨(dú)立完成，沒有抄襲行為，凡涉及其他作者的觀點(diǎn)和材料，均作了注釋，若有不實(shí)，后果由本人承擔(dān)。

篇（2）

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網(wǎng)站建設(shè)》，基本完成了高頻電子線路精品課程網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)，論文介紹了設(shè)計(jì)思想、制作過程，并設(shè)計(jì)了基本的網(wǎng)站雛形。閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)，開題報(bào)告有實(shí)施方案，并按要求完成外文翻譯，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理，對(duì)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)提出了個(gè)人見解，作者基本掌握了網(wǎng)站建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)理論。論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網(wǎng)站建設(shè)》，基本完成了高頻電子線路精品課程網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)，論文介紹了設(shè)計(jì)思想、制作過程，并設(shè)計(jì)了基本的網(wǎng)站雛形。網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)基本上合理、科學(xué)，表明作者基本上掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)余雨晴的論文《高頻電子線路精品課程網(wǎng)站建設(shè)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，基本上完成了網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，設(shè)計(jì)基本上合理、科學(xué)。該生基本完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，論文撰寫基本符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能基本正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為及格。

2、楊婷

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

楊婷同學(xué)的論文《PLL技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用》，較好地完成任務(wù)書規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。論文在詳細(xì)分析PLLIC電路的基礎(chǔ)上，利用鎖相集成電路設(shè)計(jì)了紅外自動(dòng)控制水龍頭。紅外自動(dòng)控制水龍頭運(yùn)用LM音頻鎖相環(huán)芯片設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)結(jié)合定時(shí)器芯片和三端集成穩(wěn)壓器等組合而成，設(shè)計(jì)合理。該生除全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報(bào)告實(shí)施方案，按要求按時(shí)完成外文翻譯，譯文質(zhì)量較好。對(duì)對(duì)研究的問題能正確分析，反映出作者較好地掌握了電科專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)理論與專業(yè)知識(shí)，論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

楊婷同學(xué)的論文《PLL技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用》選題具有實(shí)際意義，較好地完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，論文在詳細(xì)分析PLLIC電路的基礎(chǔ)上，利用鎖相集成電路設(shè)計(jì)了紅外自動(dòng)控制水龍頭，紅外自動(dòng)控制水龍頭是運(yùn)用了LM音頻鎖相環(huán)芯片設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)結(jié)合定時(shí)器芯片和三端集成穩(wěn)壓器等組合而成的電路。設(shè)計(jì)合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了電科專業(yè)相關(guān)的知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)楊婷同學(xué)的論文《PLL技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，論文利用鎖相集成電路設(shè)計(jì)了紅外自動(dòng)控制水龍頭電路，設(shè)計(jì)合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品具有一定的使用和參考價(jià)值。該生認(rèn)真完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，論文撰寫符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為良好。

3、王銳

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

王銳同學(xué)的論文《基于FPGA技術(shù)的電子密碼鎖》，完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)。論文采用EDA技術(shù)通過自頂向下的設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)數(shù)字密碼鎖進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，描述了數(shù)字密碼鎖的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、主要功能、設(shè)計(jì)流程、模塊劃分及總體和各模塊的VHDL源程序，并且給出了數(shù)字密碼鎖設(shè)計(jì)的仿真結(jié)果。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

王銳同學(xué)的論文《基于FPGA技術(shù)的電子密碼鎖》選題具有一定的實(shí)際意義，基本上完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，主要工作包括用EDA技術(shù)通過自頂向下的設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)數(shù)字密碼鎖進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，描述了數(shù)字密碼鎖的總體結(jié)構(gòu)、主要功能、設(shè)計(jì)流程、模塊劃分及總體和各模塊的VHDL源程序，并且給出了數(shù)字密碼鎖設(shè)計(jì)的仿真結(jié)果，存在的不足主要是沒有具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求，同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)王銳同學(xué)的論文《基于FPGA技術(shù)的電子密碼鎖》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，認(rèn)為完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，行文基本流暢，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。本文尚存在全篇結(jié)構(gòu)不夠合理、沒有完全實(shí)現(xiàn)等缺陷。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

4、周洋

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

周洋同學(xué)的論文《純音聽力計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)》，較好地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文從聽力計(jì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和面臨現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，基于對(duì)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能要求的分析，論述了儀器的工作原理，軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)方法和純音信號(hào)與噪聲信號(hào)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

周洋同學(xué)的論文《純音聽力計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)》選題具有一定的實(shí)際意義，基本上完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，從聽力計(jì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和面臨現(xiàn)狀出發(fā)，基于對(duì)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能要求的分析，論述了儀器的工作原理、軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)方法和純音信號(hào)與噪聲信號(hào)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。畢業(yè)論文撰寫基本符合規(guī)范要求，論文基本上達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求，同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)周洋同學(xué)的論文《純音聽力計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，行文基本流暢，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。本文尚存在全篇結(jié)構(gòu)不夠合理、設(shè)計(jì)沒有完全實(shí)現(xiàn)等缺陷。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

5、李思靜

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

李思靜同學(xué)的論文《調(diào)頻電路及其設(shè)計(jì)》，很好地完成任務(wù)書規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。論文采利用導(dǎo)頻制調(diào)頻立體聲發(fā)射接收技術(shù)及高性能的專用發(fā)射與接收集成電路，設(shè)計(jì)了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調(diào)頻立體聲系統(tǒng)。該生除全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)外，還能閱讀較多的自選資料，較好地理解課題任務(wù)并提出開題報(bào)告實(shí)施方案，能出色完成外文資料的翻譯，對(duì)研究的問題能較深刻分析，反映出作者很好地掌握了有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論與專業(yè)知識(shí)，論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

李思靜同學(xué)的論文《調(diào)頻電路及其設(shè)計(jì)》選題具有實(shí)際意義，完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，論文采利用導(dǎo)頻制調(diào)頻立體聲發(fā)射接收技術(shù)及高性能的專用發(fā)射與接收集成電路，設(shè)計(jì)了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調(diào)頻立體聲系統(tǒng)，表明作者很好的掌握了調(diào)頻通信方面的知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)李思靜同學(xué)的論文《調(diào)頻電路及其設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，作者設(shè)計(jì)了一套基于BA和CXA的小型無線調(diào)頻立體聲系統(tǒng)，作者很好的掌握了調(diào)頻通信方面的知識(shí)。具有很好的閱讀參考資料的能力，認(rèn)真完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，行文流暢，論文撰寫符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為優(yōu)秀。

6、王莉

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

王莉同學(xué)的論文《無線電遙控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成任務(wù)書規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種無線電遙控系統(tǒng)，包括發(fā)射電路的設(shè)計(jì)和接收電路的設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了遠(yuǎn)程遙控功能。該生除全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報(bào)告實(shí)施方案，按要求按時(shí)完成外文翻譯，譯文質(zhì)量較好。對(duì)對(duì)研究的問題能正確分析，反映出作者較好地掌握了有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論與專業(yè)知識(shí)，論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

王莉同學(xué)的論文《無線電遙控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》選題具有實(shí)際意義，較好地完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種無線電遙控系統(tǒng)，包括發(fā)射電路的設(shè)計(jì)和接收電路的設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了遠(yuǎn)程遙控功能。設(shè)計(jì)合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)王莉同學(xué)的論文《無線電遙控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，論文設(shè)計(jì)了一種無線電遙控系統(tǒng)，包括發(fā)射電路的設(shè)計(jì)和接收電路的設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了遠(yuǎn)程遙控功能。設(shè)計(jì)合理，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)，設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品具有一定的使用和參考價(jià)值。該生認(rèn)真完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，行文流暢，論文撰寫符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為良好。

7、趙霞

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

趙霞同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)，完成了總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及留言板模塊和新聞管理功能模塊的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與編程。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)合作完成，趙霞同學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)新聞管理功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)，其開發(fā)主要包括后臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立和維護(hù)以及前端應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)兩個(gè)方面。該生除全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報(bào)告實(shí)施方案，按要求按時(shí)完成外文翻譯，譯文質(zhì)量較好。論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

趙霞同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》選題具有實(shí)際意義，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)，其開發(fā)主要包括后臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立和維護(hù)以及前端應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)兩個(gè)方面。網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)合理、科學(xué)，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)趙霞同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)，其開發(fā)主要包括后臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立和維護(hù)以及前端應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)兩個(gè)方面，設(shè)計(jì)合理、科學(xué)。該生認(rèn)真完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容論文撰寫符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為良好。

8、周星

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

周星同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)，完成了總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及留言板模塊和新聞管理功能模塊的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與編程。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)合作完成，周星同學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)站頁面的設(shè)計(jì)和留言板系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。該生除全部閱讀指導(dǎo)教師指定的參考資料、文獻(xiàn)外，還能閱讀一些自選資料，并提出較合理的開題報(bào)告實(shí)施方案，按要求按時(shí)完成外文翻譯，譯文質(zhì)量較好。論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

周星同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》選題具有實(shí)際意義，較好地完成了新聞管理功能模塊的設(shè)計(jì)，其開發(fā)主要包括網(wǎng)站頁面的設(shè)計(jì)和留言板系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)合理、科學(xué)，表明作者比較好的掌握了相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)周星同學(xué)的論文《電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有研究?jī)r(jià)值，較好地完成了網(wǎng)站頁面的設(shè)計(jì)和留言板系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)合理、科學(xué)。該生認(rèn)真完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容論文撰寫符合規(guī)范，答辯時(shí)能正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為良好。

9、蔡凌云

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

蔡凌云同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文主要采用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理（DSP）和直接數(shù)字頻率合成（DDS）技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)完成，該生主要負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的數(shù)字調(diào)頻調(diào)制模塊部分的設(shè)計(jì)。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

蔡凌云同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文主要采用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理（DSP）和直接數(shù)字頻率合成（DDS）技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)完成，該生主要負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的數(shù)字調(diào)頻調(diào)制模塊部分的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。畢業(yè)論文撰寫基本符合規(guī)范要求，論文基本上達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求，同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)蔡凌云同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的數(shù)字調(diào)頻調(diào)制模塊部分的設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

10、張佳富

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

張佳富同學(xué)的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設(shè)計(jì)》，基本地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文對(duì)高頻功率放大器的發(fā)展以及應(yīng)用做了介紹，設(shè)計(jì)了基本合理的高頻功率放大器電路。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

張佳富同學(xué)的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設(shè)計(jì)》，基本地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文對(duì)高頻功率放大器的發(fā)展以及應(yīng)用做了介紹，設(shè)計(jì)了基本合理的高頻功率放大器電路，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。畢業(yè)論文撰寫基本符合規(guī)范要求，論文基本上達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求，同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)佳富同學(xué)的論文《高頻功率放大器及其設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，高頻功率放大器電路的設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

11、李薇

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

李薇同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文主要采用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理（DSP）和直接數(shù)字頻率合成（DDS）技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)完成，該生主要負(fù)責(zé)系統(tǒng)在DSP方面的設(shè)計(jì)。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

李薇同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》，較好地完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地研究任務(wù)。論文主要采用數(shù)字信號(hào)處理（DSP）和直接數(shù)字頻率合成（DDS）技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)由兩位同學(xué)完成，該生主要負(fù)責(zé)系統(tǒng)在DSP方面的設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。畢業(yè)論文撰寫基本符合規(guī)范要求，論文基本上達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求，同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)李薇同學(xué)的論文《數(shù)字調(diào)頻發(fā)射機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，系統(tǒng)在DSP方面的設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，基本完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

12、宋治樺

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

宋治樺同學(xué)的論文《射頻功率放大器》，完成了任務(wù)書所規(guī)定地設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。論文通過圖例和對(duì)比進(jìn)行分析，闡述了射頻功放的基本理論；在研究了射頻功放的工作狀態(tài)、負(fù)載和調(diào)諧等外部特性的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種射頻功率放大器。外語資料翻譯尚可，論文格式基本規(guī)范，論述基本準(zhǔn)確，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的要求，符合學(xué)士學(xué)位論文答辯的要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

宋治樺同學(xué)的論文《射頻功率放大器》選題具有一定的實(shí)際意義，基本上完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)，在研究了射頻功放的工作狀態(tài)、負(fù)載和調(diào)諧等外部特性的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種射頻功率放大器，設(shè)計(jì)基本合理。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

答辯委員會(huì)評(píng)語

答辯小組通過對(duì)宋治樺同學(xué)的論文《射頻功率放大器》的審核，認(rèn)為該論文選題具有一定的研究?jī)r(jià)值，作者具有一定的閱讀參考資料的能力，認(rèn)為完成了畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，答辯時(shí)能較比較正確地回答問題。

經(jīng)答辯小組討論，答辯成績(jī)定為中等。

13、鄒元杰

指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語

鄒元杰同學(xué)的論文《基于單片機(jī)STCCLED點(diǎn)陣顯示》，很好地完成任務(wù)書規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。系統(tǒng)以STCC單片機(jī)為主控芯片，利用溫度測(cè)量，實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘芯片和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)并配合軟件，實(shí)現(xiàn)了溫度的測(cè)量、時(shí)間、數(shù)據(jù)掉電不丟失等功能，最終很好地完成了規(guī)定任務(wù)。該生對(duì)研究的問題能較深刻分析，反映出作者很好地掌握了有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論與專業(yè)知識(shí)，實(shí)際動(dòng)手能力強(qiáng)，論文撰寫規(guī)范，符合學(xué)位論文答辯要求。

同意該同學(xué)參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。

評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語

鄒元杰同學(xué)的論文《基于單片機(jī)STCCLED點(diǎn)陣顯示》，選題具有實(shí)際意義，完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)。系統(tǒng)以STCC單片機(jī)為主控芯片，利用溫度測(cè)量，實(shí)時(shí)時(shí)鐘芯片和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)并配合軟件，實(shí)現(xiàn)了溫度的測(cè)量、時(shí)間、數(shù)據(jù)掉電不丟失等功能，最終很好地完成了規(guī)定任務(wù)。畢業(yè)論文撰寫符合規(guī)范要求，論文達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)論文的要求。

同意該生參加學(xué)位論文答辯。

篇（3）

“我們不是取消本科畢業(yè)論文，而是提倡多元化?！弊颍?6）日，四川大學(xué)宣傳部工作人員再次就有關(guān)方面的“誤讀”進(jìn)行了說明，宣傳部工作人員希望大家不要狹義地理解畢業(yè)論文，論文制度必須保留，只是川大鼓勵(lì)多元化的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）。

再次強(qiáng)調(diào)不可能取消畢業(yè)論文

“再次強(qiáng)調(diào)不是取消，而是提倡多元化。”昨日下午，川大宣傳部工作人員說，有些人沒有認(rèn)真讀學(xué)校的文件，斷章取義。“學(xué)生讀了幾年書，總要有東西來檢驗(yàn)，怎么可能取消畢業(yè)論文？”學(xué)校宣傳部一名姓李的老師說，現(xiàn)在學(xué)校提倡的是從傳統(tǒng)單一的寫論文方式擴(kuò)展到學(xué)生可以自由選擇多種“畢業(yè)論文”形式，畢業(yè)論文的定義從狹義發(fā)展到了廣義，但并沒有取消。

做客網(wǎng)站改革的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)達(dá)到

昨日下午，四川大學(xué)新聞系主任張小元做客國(guó)內(nèi)某網(wǎng)站，解讀最近由他最先透露的四川大學(xué)改革本科畢業(yè)論文一事。他表示，追求畢業(yè)考核形式多樣化的目標(biāo)基本上已經(jīng)達(dá)到了。

對(duì)于如何確保多樣化論文的質(zhì)量問題，張小元表示，對(duì)有興趣做學(xué)術(shù)的學(xué)生，學(xué)校就嚴(yán)格按學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)培養(yǎng)；有人選擇其他類型的畢業(yè)論文，學(xué)校就按照多樣方式培養(yǎng)。他同時(shí)也表達(dá)了自己的擔(dān)憂：“如何避免大學(xué)變成社會(huì)的職業(yè)訓(xùn)練班，這是我們一直想避免的陷阱，而網(wǎng)友的擔(dān)憂中，我覺得最有價(jià)值的也是這個(gè)方面。”

個(gè)性教育>>>

川大將破格錄取怪才偏才

昨（16）日，四川大學(xué)公布了《四川大學(xué)關(guān)于特殊興趣和特殊專長(zhǎng)學(xué)生選拔與培養(yǎng)的實(shí)施辦法》，工作人員解釋：“學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)怪才、偏才等特殊人才的成長(zhǎng)?！睂W(xué)校將如何認(rèn)定、選拔、培養(yǎng)這些特殊人才？學(xué)校宣傳部相關(guān)工作人員回答了記者的問題。

問：如何認(rèn)定“雙特生”？

答：“雙特生”是指在某一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域有特殊興趣、愛好和特殊專長(zhǎng)、潛質(zhì)，或者在某一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域開始嶄露頭角或已經(jīng)取得一定的成績(jī)，或者對(duì)一些冷僻、人才稀缺的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域有一定程度的深入了解、有一定獨(dú)到見解的奇才、偏才和怪才。

問：如何選拔“雙特生”？

答：學(xué)校將多渠道發(fā)現(xiàn)和選拔“雙特生”：一是高考錄取時(shí)對(duì)具有特殊興趣和特殊專長(zhǎng)潛質(zhì)的優(yōu)秀中學(xué)生通過中學(xué)推薦、自主招生、高考成績(jī)等發(fā)現(xiàn)“雙特生”苗子，并在國(guó)家招生政策許可的前提下，優(yōu)先或破格錄入四川大學(xué)相關(guān)專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)；二是從已入學(xué)的學(xué)生中進(jìn)行選拔，所有我校在讀本科生可以通過本人自薦、輔導(dǎo)員和教師推薦、專家考評(píng)等多種形式發(fā)現(xiàn)和選拔。

篇（4）

[中圖分類號(hào)]TP393.07 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1009-5349（2013）07-0179-01

畢業(yè)論文是高等院校教學(xué)工作中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，采取傳統(tǒng)人工管理模式，在資料整理、選題、論文撰寫及指導(dǎo)、格式檢查、資源共享、論文管理等諸多方面存在管理成本高、效率低、效果差等一系列問題。[1]因此，使用信息化的電子系統(tǒng)對(duì)畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)流程進(jìn)行管理，既方便了老師和學(xué)生，也可以節(jié)省更多的教學(xué)資源，老師、學(xué)生還可以高效地完成畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)工作。不僅方便學(xué)校對(duì)畢業(yè)生論文的整個(gè)流程的管理，而且擺脫過去由人用紙和筆進(jìn)行的費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的繁重工作?？梢园衙恳荒甑漠厴I(yè)生論文相關(guān)資料存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中，可隨時(shí)查看和打印相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，既節(jié)約資源，又達(dá)到對(duì)畢業(yè)論文統(tǒng)一管理的目的。[2]指導(dǎo)教師使用在線答疑功能，同時(shí)，便于導(dǎo)師及時(shí)了解學(xué)生論文進(jìn)度，提高工作效率，指導(dǎo)教師和學(xué)生能夠通過Internet實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上操作，打破了地域和空間的限制。

畢業(yè)論文管理系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)以畢業(yè)論文為核心的信息互動(dòng)的平臺(tái)，為身處不同地理位置的師生提供了一個(gè)良好的平臺(tái)。從畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題的申報(bào)，到畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文提交，再到論文的評(píng)審及成績(jī)的給定，最后對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)資料進(jìn)行歸檔，這一系列的工作均可在網(wǎng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的高效管理。

一、畢業(yè)論文管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)完成的任務(wù)

1.能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)從畢業(yè)論文選題到學(xué)生答辯通過的教學(xué)任務(wù)。由指導(dǎo)教師給定畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目，教研室主任審核通過后，通過系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)給學(xué)生。參加畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的學(xué)生通過異地登錄選題系統(tǒng)可以查看畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目，自己可以根據(jù)所學(xué)專業(yè)特長(zhǎng)及自身愛好，選擇相應(yīng)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目。選題成功之后，學(xué)生需填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書，在任務(wù)書中需要明確畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)題目、預(yù)計(jì)完成時(shí)間以及指導(dǎo)教師等信息。接著，學(xué)生填寫開題報(bào)告，對(duì)所選設(shè)計(jì)題目進(jìn)行研究方向和可行性、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀以及研究意義進(jìn)行闡述和分析。指導(dǎo)教師同意此生開題之后，學(xué)生進(jìn)入設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)和畢業(yè)論文撰寫的階段，在此期間要定時(shí)向指導(dǎo)教師匯報(bào)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度，[3]論文撰寫完成之后，將論文提交給自己的指導(dǎo)教師等待審核。若審核通過，則進(jìn)入答辯環(huán)節(jié)，答辯完成之后，指導(dǎo)教師及答辯小組老師將成績(jī)輸入系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)生成學(xué)生的畢業(yè)論文總成績(jī)。最后，會(huì)根據(jù)論文的專業(yè)方向及成績(jī)等級(jí)將論文進(jìn)行分類并存儲(chǔ)，以便之后的學(xué)生下載、參考，指導(dǎo)教師提交優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)論文。

2.能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)資料的高效管理、有效利用、快速檢索和統(tǒng)計(jì)。

3.還應(yīng)能提供以下服務(wù)：、更新、處理公告；相關(guān)信息查詢；留言、論壇等。

4.對(duì)網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行定期維護(hù)，如訪問統(tǒng)計(jì)、網(wǎng)站日志、權(quán)限管理等。[4]

二、畢業(yè)論文管理系統(tǒng)的功能應(yīng)包含以下幾個(gè)方面

1.對(duì)論文進(jìn)展情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和管理的功能。指導(dǎo)教師設(shè)定時(shí)間對(duì)學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)和畢業(yè)論文撰寫進(jìn)度進(jìn)行檢查，實(shí)現(xiàn)論文在線提交開題報(bào)告、中期檢查和畢業(yè)論文審核書，只有通過指導(dǎo)教師審核的學(xué)生才能參加答辯。

2.選題的處理功能。原則上按照教師、學(xué)生雙向選擇模式確定學(xué)生論文選題工作，根據(jù)學(xué)生專業(yè)情況進(jìn)行分流選題。根據(jù)學(xué)生的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于大部分同學(xué)采用指導(dǎo)教師命題學(xué)生選題的方式，即多對(duì)多方式進(jìn)行師生互選題；對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)突出的同學(xué)可以自主命題，學(xué)生選擇心儀的指導(dǎo)教師進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)；對(duì)于極少數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)較差的同學(xué)，指派指導(dǎo)教師督促和指導(dǎo)他們按時(shí)完成畢業(yè)論文學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。

3.論文綜合評(píng)分的功能。指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)學(xué)生實(shí)際進(jìn)展程度和論文水平，在論文答辯之前給自己指導(dǎo)的學(xué)生一個(gè)初評(píng)成績(jī)，答辯小組老師給定成績(jī)的平均值作為答辯成績(jī)。按照教學(xué)的管理要求，初評(píng)成績(jī)和論文答辯成績(jī)應(yīng)按照一定比例最終給出論文綜合成績(jī)。

4.對(duì)論文資料統(tǒng)計(jì)的功能。對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫中的論文資料進(jìn)行導(dǎo)出導(dǎo)入以及打印操作時(shí)，使用水晶報(bào)表可以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)綁定，將需要打印的論文資料數(shù)據(jù)與水晶報(bào)表相連接，提高了打印的效率和質(zhì)量。

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]李浩君，吳皖贛.高校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過程質(zhì)量管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn).中國(guó)教育信息化，2011（01）.

[2]周曉輝.基于B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn).價(jià)值工程，2011（14）.

篇（5）

一、高職生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的現(xiàn)狀

2004年4月，教育部在《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)普通高等學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作的通知》中指出：“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）在培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生探求真理、強(qiáng)化社會(huì)意識(shí)，進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究基本訓(xùn)練、提高綜合實(shí)踐能力與素質(zhì)等方面具有不可替代的作用，是教育與生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的重要體現(xiàn)，是培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力、實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的重要實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)?！比欢?，由于高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）管理工作不到位、指導(dǎo)教師的水平不高和責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)、學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)差而且不重視等因素，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）內(nèi)容空洞、東拼西湊、泛泛而談、剽竊抄襲現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。

二、高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）存在的突出問題

1.對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）重視程度不足。主要因?yàn)楦呗毊厴I(yè)生面臨的就業(yè)壓力逐年增大， 再加上大三學(xué)生已經(jīng)走上實(shí)習(xí)崗位， 學(xué)生的主要精力都放在實(shí)習(xí)工作和尋找工作上， 而這一階段恰恰又是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。由于現(xiàn)實(shí)中畢業(yè)論文質(zhì)量的好壞對(duì)就業(yè)并無很大影響， 所以許多學(xué)生采取了消極應(yīng)付的態(tài)度， 往往在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就完成了畢業(yè)論文的撰寫，這在相當(dāng)程度上影響了畢業(yè)論文的寫作質(zhì)量。

2.偏離高職培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）脫離就業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)。最近幾年，根據(jù)職業(yè)教育與普通教育的差異，在理論和實(shí)踐上進(jìn)行了研究和探索，取得了不少重大成果，如高職培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的定位、高職的課程觀、教學(xué)方法等。然而，高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的選題、撰寫要求等方面，仍然采用學(xué)科本位下的論文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)論文對(duì)學(xué)生科研能力的訓(xùn)練功能，強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)論文的學(xué)術(shù)性、理論性、創(chuàng)新性。而高職院校在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的過程中，應(yīng)是以就業(yè)為導(dǎo)向組織教學(xué)活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)具有職業(yè)能力的學(xué)生。這就要求學(xué)生在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，結(jié)合畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，在進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的實(shí)踐操作之后完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)。

3.學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）寫作能力缺乏及異地實(shí)習(xí)等因素，教師指導(dǎo)難以達(dá)到理想效果。由于專業(yè)課程體系中很少設(shè)置有關(guān)的課程，學(xué)生文獻(xiàn)檢索能力、閱讀文獻(xiàn)能力、市場(chǎng)調(diào)研能力等畢業(yè)論文寫作所需能力無法通過有效的途徑得到，加上畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）與實(shí)習(xí)同步，學(xué)生異地實(shí)習(xí)，教師指導(dǎo)工作開展有一定困難。一方面，高職學(xué)生相對(duì)來講文化基礎(chǔ)較差，邏輯思維能力、語言表達(dá)能力都較弱，加上大學(xué)期間相關(guān)課程的缺乏，讓高職生寫出有較高水平的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）確實(shí)有些勉為其難。另一方面，老師受指導(dǎo)學(xué)生人數(shù)多、教學(xué)任務(wù)重，時(shí)間緊等因素影響，致使難以達(dá)到預(yù)期的指導(dǎo)效果。

三、解決措施

網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)（以柳州城市職業(yè)學(xué)院外語與旅游系為例）針對(duì)目前高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)中出現(xiàn)的諸多問題，我院根據(jù)精品課程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，建成了具備一定規(guī)模的“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）”專業(yè)網(wǎng)站（省略），并自從2009年1月以來一直服務(wù)于外語與旅游系“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）”課程教學(xué)。有利于切實(shí)、及時(shí)、有效地做好畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的過程管理，保證了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的質(zhì)量。

具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面：

1.畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）與畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)合。一方面，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）與畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)在時(shí)間上是同步的，將兩者結(jié)合起來，有效的避免了學(xué)生為參加畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)而缺少時(shí)間和精力做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）這一矛盾。更重要的一方面是，畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)是學(xué)生獲得畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）第一手資料的有效途徑。因此，將畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）兩個(gè)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)并行實(shí)施，既可以讓學(xué)生有側(cè)重地根據(jù)個(gè)人研究方向及就業(yè)需求選擇實(shí)習(xí)單位，通過實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)生基本能夠適應(yīng)相關(guān)崗位的需求，解決學(xué)生就業(yè)問題；又可以在設(shè)計(jì)過程中同步進(jìn)行畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn)，使畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）方案不斷完善，更趨合理，更具實(shí)際意義。如酒店管理專業(yè)采取畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）與畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)捆綁式管理方法，有利于學(xué)生結(jié)合實(shí)習(xí)工作選題，使得畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）更具實(shí)用價(jià)值，同時(shí)也有利于完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）寫作任務(wù)和實(shí)習(xí)任務(wù)。

2.網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的應(yīng)用，有利于資源共享，互助協(xié)作

①本網(wǎng)站主要包含以下幾個(gè)板塊：（1）課程內(nèi)容。包括畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）寫作、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）案例、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）視頻、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）大綱、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）教案等。（2）各專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）模塊：包括畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)實(shí)施流程圖，提供優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)范文、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)案例教程、論文寫作指導(dǎo)演示文稿等供學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。（3）畢業(yè)論文工作管理。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的檔案模板、成績(jī)匯總、選題統(tǒng)計(jì)等。（4）論壇。指導(dǎo)老師和學(xué)生可以隨時(shí)登陸論壇發(fā)帖，對(duì)各種焦點(diǎn)問題發(fā)表自己的見解和看法，這種透明化、大眾化的方式更有利于問題的快速解決。每一個(gè)學(xué)生的論文完成進(jìn)度與過程都會(huì)在論壇上詳細(xì)體現(xiàn)，從選題、開題報(bào)告到論文一稿、二稿直至終稿都會(huì)提交到網(wǎng)站上，指導(dǎo)教師會(huì)在學(xué)生提交的帖子上進(jìn)行回復(fù)與指導(dǎo)。

篇（6）

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php畢業(yè)論文參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]楊長(zhǎng)春，王葉薈。基于PHP的新聞系統(tǒng)[J].江蘇工業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2003，（04）。

[2]王志明，基于LAMP的本科畢業(yè)論文管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)[J]，電腦知識(shí)與技術(shù)，2008，（25）。

[3]程楠，基于PHP的醫(yī)學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)信息網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)[J]，河南職工醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2007，（04）。

[4]伍孝金，基于PHP的新聞系統(tǒng)的研究與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J]，計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用與軟件，2006，（10）。

[5]周啟海，劉云強(qiáng)，基于PHP、MYSQL、Apache的人事管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[J]，計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代，2004，（08）。

[6]趙鶴芹，設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站的最佳方案：Apache+PHP+MySQL[J]，計(jì)算機(jī)工程與設(shè)計(jì)，2007，（04）。

php畢業(yè)論文參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]楊根來.網(wǎng)上祭掃與喪失改革[J].社會(huì)福利，2005（1）.

[2]WellingL，ThomsonL.PHPandMySQLWebDevelopment，4thEdition[M].Boston：Addison-Wesley，2008.

[3]方晨.Dreamweaver/PHP/MySQL動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)實(shí)務(wù)[M].上海：上?？茖W(xué)普及出版社，2006.

[4]于永軍.PHP+MySQL完全學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)[M].北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2008.

[5]孫文江.PHP應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)教程[M].北京：中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社，2013.

[6]仲林林.PHP+MySQL開發(fā)技術(shù)詳解[M].北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社，2013.

[7]陳軍.PHP+MySQL經(jīng)典案例剖析[M].北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2008.

篇（7）

昔日的“咔噠咔噠”聲已經(jīng)大為較少?？吹竭@里，你肯定要問，難道“無縫線路”就不存在熱脹的問題嗎？物質(zhì)不滅定律告訴我們，任何一種物質(zhì)都不會(huì)消失，只不過從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種形式。鋼軌的溫度力也同樣如此，它不可能消失，是人們?cè)阼F路線上采用強(qiáng)大的線路阻力來鎖定軌道，限制了鋼軌的自由伸縮。在我國(guó)是采用高強(qiáng)螺栓、扣板式扣件或彈條扣件等對(duì)鋼軌進(jìn)行約束。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，直徑24mm的高強(qiáng)螺栓，六孔夾板接頭可提供40至60噸的縱向阻力。彈條扣件每根軌枕可提供1.6噸的縱向阻力。由于無縫線路中鋼．給你個(gè)網(wǎng)址，你看看有沒有你需要的參考資料：請(qǐng)教各位畢業(yè)論文的結(jié)尾的怎么寫我馬上大學(xué)畢業(yè)請(qǐng)教一下怎么寫畢業(yè)論文?你好，我是學(xué)國(guó)貿(mào)的，想請(qǐng)教一下畢業(yè)論文和開題報(bào)告怎么寫，可以指點(diǎn)一.請(qǐng)教企業(yè)科技人才建設(shè)的畢業(yè)論文怎么寫，寫過的指導(dǎo)一下，謝謝我想寫一份無砟軌道應(yīng)力放散的論文，可不知道從何．

畢業(yè)論文怎么寫

篇（8）

為讓客戶放心，也為保證論文質(zhì)量，一般我網(wǎng)站操作流程如下：1、客戶將的相關(guān)申請(qǐng)要求發(fā)到網(wǎng)站信箱或提交給網(wǎng)站客服；2、網(wǎng)站客服收到申請(qǐng)后，發(fā)給作者一份詳細(xì)的申請(qǐng)表格；3、客戶在申請(qǐng)表格里面詳細(xì)填寫所需的各種要求，一般包括題目范圍（是否自擬）、專業(yè)論文類型（專、本、碩、博）、字?jǐn)?shù)限制、時(shí)間周期、論文的詳細(xì)要求（這個(gè)方面就比較廣，比如文字復(fù)制比要求、是否建立模型、是否搭建系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)等）；4、網(wǎng)站客服收到客戶的申請(qǐng)表格后，聯(lián)系該專業(yè)或相關(guān)專業(yè)老師，確定能否按照客戶的要求；5、人員確定后，網(wǎng)站工作人員會(huì)在人員與客戶之間起橋梁作用，反復(fù)追蹤客戶的實(shí)時(shí)要求（一般是客戶老師提出的修改意見），直至服務(wù)完滿結(jié)束。

篇（9）

同時(shí)我還要感謝在我學(xué)習(xí)期間給我極大關(guān)心和支持的各位老師以及關(guān)心我的同學(xué)和朋友。

寫作畢業(yè)論文是一次再系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)的過程，畢業(yè)論文的完成，同樣也意味著新的學(xué)習(xí)生活的開始。

----------------------------

感謝馮·諾依曼先生。是他整出了世界上的第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)，才使得我們這些后人鳥槍換炮，由“剪刀加糨糊”的“學(xué)術(shù)土匪”晉級(jí)為“鼠標(biāo)加剪貼板”的“學(xué)術(shù)海盜”。計(jì)算機(jī)，將我們從枯燥的書本中解救了出來，我們無須再在圖書館里東尋西覓，只要一敲鍵盤，我們就能方便快捷地搞定所需的一切。計(jì)算機(jī)，是我們寫論文的制勝法寶，是我們寫論文的大功臣。因此，他是我所應(yīng)感謝的第一人。

感謝比爾·蓋茨先生。他以大無畏的革命主義精神、英雄主義精神和犧牲主義精神毅然從哈佛輟學(xué)。他發(fā)明了windows操作系統(tǒng)，創(chuàng)立了微軟公司，不遺余力地推動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)事業(yè)的發(fā)展，將人類的歷史推進(jìn)到了信息時(shí)代，將我們的地球變成了一個(gè)小小的村落。在信息的高速路上我們暢通無阻，正是借助了網(wǎng)絡(luò)我們才得以找到了豐富詳實(shí)的論文、資料?？梢哉f，比爾·蓋茨先生以他的輟學(xué)換來了我們數(shù)以千萬計(jì)中國(guó)大學(xué)生的畢業(yè)。

感謝百度和Google公司。他們的搜索功能強(qiáng)大、快捷又免費(fèi)。在這里，我敢說，我們每一位寫論文的同學(xué)，沒有一位不曾借助過它們。那些日子，我們啟動(dòng)電腦后打開的第一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁一定是它們中的一個(gè)。是它們讓我們很方便地搜索到了我們所需要的“論文材料”，國(guó)內(nèi)的、國(guó)外的，中文的、外文的。正是靠著這些“論文材料”，我們才得以順利完成我們的“百衲衣”論文。更感謝Google公司增設(shè)了翻譯功能，它的翻譯不僅正確率高而且功能強(qiáng)大，一次便可翻譯一整篇論文。我們的外文文獻(xiàn)，全賴于此。

感謝那些免費(fèi)的站。雖說這些網(wǎng)站都是些不起眼的小網(wǎng)站，可正是它們無償?shù)叵蛭覀兲峁┝舜罅康恼撐乃{(lán)本，保證了貧窮的我們也能得到所需要的論文。這可以說是一種“想人之所想，急人之所急”的人道主義精神。在這里，我殷切地呼吁那些收費(fèi)的站，能夠向它們學(xué)習(xí)，端正服務(wù)態(tài)度，放下架子解放思想，變收費(fèi)為免費(fèi)，更好的為人民服務(wù)。

感謝我的導(dǎo)師。他放下神圣的師道尊嚴(yán)，以朋友的身份告訴我怎樣完成這篇論文。他告訴我如何搜集資料；他告訴我如何快捷地找到相關(guān)論文；他告訴我哪個(gè)學(xué)校的網(wǎng)站有本專業(yè)的碩士、博士論文；他指導(dǎo)我如何利用手頭上的論文取舍嫁接整合。本論文的完成，離不開他的悉心指導(dǎo)和孜孜不倦地教誨。

感謝負(fù)責(zé)答辯的老師。在我也不明白所寫為何物的情況下，他們只問了我兩個(gè)問題——都知道寫的是什么嗎？知道；參考文獻(xiàn)都看了么？看了——后便讓我通過了答辯。他們是如此和藹可親，他們是如此善解人意，他們是如此偉大而平易近人。

感謝那些與我朝夕相處了四年的同學(xué)。這些日子，他們和我一塊努力奮斗共進(jìn)共退，相互鼓勵(lì)相互扶持，你幫我找我?guī)湍阏?，互通有無，及時(shí)溝通，以免出現(xiàn)論文撞車事件。我們是如此的團(tuán)結(jié)友愛，從未出現(xiàn)過“五十步笑百步”的現(xiàn)象，我們總是相互開導(dǎo)著：天下文章一大抄，不抄白不抄，抄了也白抄，白抄誰不抄？不抄大傻冒!正是在這樣的相互激勵(lì)下，我那抄公的羞恥感也便見了上帝，而我的論文也得以完成并順利通過。

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篇（10）

二、參加實(shí)習(xí)班級(jí)、人數(shù)及實(shí)習(xí)形式

（一）實(shí)習(xí)班級(jí)及人數(shù)：D04營(yíng)銷1、2班，共計(jì)76人。

（二）實(shí)習(xí)形式：系部集中統(tǒng)一實(shí)習(xí)與學(xué)生自己聯(lián)系單位分散實(shí)習(xí)相結(jié)合。

1、推薦實(shí)習(xí)就業(yè)

由學(xué)院、系部統(tǒng)一聯(lián)系實(shí)習(xí)單位，原則上實(shí)習(xí)與就業(yè)緊密結(jié)合，對(duì)于不服從分配的畢業(yè)生，不再參與第二次分配，學(xué)生必須自行尋找實(shí)習(xí)單位。

目前的實(shí)習(xí)單位有：

xx集團(tuán)等。

帶隊(duì)教師：

2、自找單位，自行實(shí)習(xí)。

由學(xué)生自行聯(lián)系單位，自愿組成實(shí)習(xí)小組，進(jìn)行與市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、電子商務(wù)、物流管理等有關(guān)的實(shí)習(xí)活動(dòng)。

具體指導(dǎo)教師：

三、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組

組長(zhǎng)：

組員：

實(shí)習(xí)小組的任務(wù)是：

（一）幫助聯(lián)系或落實(shí)實(shí)習(xí)單位，安排學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)；

（二）檢查實(shí)習(xí)進(jìn)度，反饋實(shí)習(xí)意見，幫助解決學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)中存在的問題；

（三）聯(lián)系實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)老師及有關(guān)事項(xiàng)；

（四）考核學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)成果。

四、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷專業(yè)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間及進(jìn)程安排

系部實(shí)習(xí)就業(yè)動(dòng)員大會(huì)定在20XX年1月9日下午14：00—15：00，地點(diǎn)6306教室。實(shí)習(xí)分為二個(gè)階段，即畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)階段和畢業(yè)論文撰寫、答辯階段。每一階段的實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容和主要目標(biāo)如下：

（一）畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)階段（20XX年2月10日至20XX年4月10日）：所有學(xué)生均到企業(yè)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理崗位上進(jìn)行實(shí)崗操作。具體實(shí)習(xí)單位原則上由學(xué)生根據(jù)本人實(shí)際情況、并結(jié)合日后工作意向自行確定。自行安排實(shí)習(xí)單位的學(xué)生須在2月20日前把實(shí)習(xí)單位接受函交與輔導(dǎo)員；沒有聯(lián)系到實(shí)習(xí)單位者，與輔導(dǎo)員聯(lián)系，由系部協(xié)調(diào)安排。

1、實(shí)習(xí)要求：

通過實(shí)習(xí)使學(xué)生深入理解和掌握已學(xué)習(xí)過的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷基本理論，基本方法和基本技能；進(jìn)一步縮小理論教學(xué)與企業(yè)營(yíng)銷實(shí)踐的差距，為以后學(xué)生很快走向社會(huì)，適應(yīng)社會(huì)，成為優(yōu)秀的營(yíng)銷管理人才打下基礎(chǔ)。

2、實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容：

（1）在實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師和所在實(shí)習(xí)單位有關(guān)管理人員的指導(dǎo)下，深入到企業(yè)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)的有關(guān)部門與科室的具體業(yè)務(wù)中去，進(jìn)行實(shí)崗操作，盡快適應(yīng)相關(guān)崗位要求和熟悉崗位技能。

（2）實(shí)習(xí)期間撰寫實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于XX字。

（3）結(jié)合工商系網(wǎng)站給出的論文參考題目、也可自行設(shè)計(jì)初步確定自己的畢業(yè)論文選題。

3、實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告格式要求：

（1）封面：論文題目（字體3號(hào)）、系別、班級(jí)、姓名、學(xué)號(hào)。字體為：黑體、四號(hào)。

（2）正文：仿宋、小四號(hào)。

（3）紙張：A4。用微機(jī)打印。

（4）實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告中須有實(shí)習(xí)單位對(duì)畢業(yè)生的實(shí)習(xí)鑒定（實(shí)習(xí)單位蓋章），指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告寫出評(píng)語，并根據(jù)實(shí)習(xí)情況評(píng)定成績(jī)。

（5）實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告不少于2千字，上交一式三份。

（二）畢業(yè)論文寫作、答辯階段（20XX年4月10日至20XX年5月26日）：

1、畢業(yè)論文寫作目的

畢業(yè)論文是高等教育完成學(xué)業(yè)的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，它是學(xué)生的總結(jié)性獨(dú)立作業(yè)。撰寫畢業(yè)論文的目的是：

（1）有利于教學(xué)過程的完整性；

（2）檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生?？齐A段基礎(chǔ)理論和專業(yè)知識(shí)的掌握情況；

（3）對(duì)學(xué)生科研能力的綜合訓(xùn)練和全面檢驗(yàn)

3、畢業(yè)論文要求

（1）學(xué)生在實(shí)習(xí)過程中搜集、整理畢業(yè)論文題目的相關(guān)資料，擬訂畢業(yè)論文的提綱，撰寫畢業(yè)論文。

（2）畢業(yè)論文結(jié)構(gòu)布局的基本格式由標(biāo)題、中文摘要、正文、參考文獻(xiàn)等四個(gè)方面內(nèi)容構(gòu)成（具體參見工商系網(wǎng)站上的論文指導(dǎo)書）。

（3）在論文的撰寫方面，要運(yùn)用所學(xué)到的基本理論，對(duì)實(shí)際問題作具體的分析，把觀點(diǎn)和材料密切結(jié)合起來，力求做到：觀點(diǎn)明確，材料可靠，分析透徹，論證有利，結(jié)論科學(xué)。論文不少于3千字。

（4）學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立完成畢業(yè)論文，要嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，實(shí)事求是。凡畢業(yè)論文的書面主要內(nèi)容為抄襲，或弄虛作假，偽造數(shù)據(jù)者，成績(jī)以不及格論處。

4、畢業(yè)論文選題。各位同學(xué)請(qǐng)參考以下論文題目作為你的畢業(yè)論文選題，也可以在指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)下，選擇與本專業(yè)相關(guān)的其他題目。畢業(yè)論文的參考選題見附表一。

五、實(shí)習(xí)成績(jī)考核